Despite the wealth of studies pertaining to the factors influencing the onset of the queen-worker competition phase, the actual trigger leading to this event is not yet fully understood, other than its clear correlation with the onset of gyne production [22].
This is particularly apparent in B. terrestris, where aggression is a major means by which to establish reproductive dominance in queen-worker and worker-worker competition [ 46, 50- 56].
Similarly, monogyne and polygyne colonies may suffer from different levels of queen-queen and queen-workers competitions [2], which could have selected for distinct chemical signals in their colony members.
(Health worker) Market competition was reported as a challenge for the retail sector.
Procuring the required numbers of workers, especially highly skilled workers, in competition with other vital wartime programs proved very difficult.
In the debate over scientific immigration, however--another symptom of the system's decay--the voices of the scientific and technical workers most affected, the Ph.D.s in precarious early-career positions and the technical workers facing competition from abroad, have scarcely been heard, Hira says.
Although B. terrestris colonies may contain hundreds of workers, the competition point may be reached while the colony contains only few dozens of workers [13].
And so unskilled workers face competition not only from college graduates but also from lower-paid immigrants.
The regressions suggest that while countries do compete with each other by instituting laws that are unfriendly to workers, such competition is not that pronounced.
The benefits of the productivity gains from railways, electricity or the car eventually went not to producers but to consumers and workers, as competition forced firms to pass cost savings on as lower prices and higher real wages.
As a recent special report explains, technological change over the last generation has wiped out many middle-skill jobs, pushing millions of workers into competition for low-wage work.
