Several factors related to the performance of high modulus asphalt binders (HMABs) in pavement engineering were studied: stiffness, elastic recovery, asphalt layer thickness reduction, workability and thermal cracking resistance.
The outcome of the tests revealed that superabundant superplasticizer doses helped to obtain relatively lower water/binder ratios with good workability; led to reduction in wear/abrasion resistance; and had no observable relationship, beneficial or adverse, with the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of the HVFA concrete mixes.
The HPC mixes with 20% FRCA content shows reduction in workability and requires a higher dosage of Superplasticizer (SP) to achieve a slump of 170 ± 10 mm.
However, problems associated with the reduction of workability and early-age compressive strength of concrete, as well as limited replacement levels of POFA, have been encountered.
The results for fresh concrete showed a reduction in workability of concrete with increase WGS proportion beyond 20% in the mix, although slump measurements remained within the allowable margin of ±25 mm.
At high level of S/C ratio (S/C > 1.41), excessive VFPs absorb large quantities of water on their surface and lead to the reduction in workability for DSC.
Because it has a larger volume of total pores, the use of UtSCBA leads to a reduction of workability and volumetric weight; however, the air content and the temperature in the fresh state are not affected.
This mechanism results in the increase of capacity of ultimate load and displacement but it seems by increasing the content of fibers from 2 to 4% the efficiency of steel fibers is affectless, it can relate to the reduction of workability of concrete and local behavior of concrete.
Their addition results in significant increase of the workability of the mixture, in reduction of water/cement ratio or even of cement quantity.
Despite the reduction in the workability and strength, based on the review, it is suggested that seashell waste could still be utilized as a partial aggregate at a replacement level of up to 20% for adequate workability and strength of concrete for non-structural purposes.
Although it resulted in a slight reduction of the workability, the applicability was positively influenced.
