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We estimate the wage equations by including the Mills Ratios from a Bivariate Probit model of participation vs. non-participation and full-time vs. ( part-time work conditional on participation.
Formal treatment was followed by a return to work conditional on continued participation in 12 step support groups, formal meetings with the programme monitor, random alcohol and drug testing, and random visits by programme staff at the workplace.
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The gap in hours worked, conditional on being employed, stays relatively constant over the whole period. 5.
Then, we decompose labor income inequality into its three main components: employment, hours worked conditional on being employed, and hourly wages.
In contrast to the gap in employment, the gender gap in hours worked (conditional on working) has been widening over this period and in particular since the 1990s (Fig. 7a).
Per capita labor income can differ between quintiles because of differences in employment levels, differences in hours worked conditional on being employed, and differences in the average hourly wage earned by agents in each quintile.
To further understand the sources of inequality in the labor market, we decompose the average monthly per capita labor compensation of the poorest and richest quintiles into their three main components: employment levels, hours worked conditional on being employed, and hourly wages.
In-work benefits (employment conditional benefit or tax credit) 13.
At most, it supports making elements of a social minimum policy package work-conditional.
We have considered one design issue: the issue of how far access to the social minimum should be work-conditional.
A further objection to making the social minimum work-conditional comes from philosophers influenced by the left-libertarian tradition reviewed above (see section 2.3).
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