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The values of two negatively worded items (Items 2,11) are reversed scored [ 22].
A: Clarity and adequate wording – item was revised if agreement rate was below 80% or by consensus in qualitative comments.
Negatively worded items within a positive scale were recoded.
As for effort regulation, the two negatively worded items loaded together while the two positively worded items also loaded together.
The factor loadings of the negatively worded items and reliability estimates of the construct with negatively worded items were considerably low.
Parental Involvement (PIV), student value mathematics (SVM), students like mathematics (SLM), students confident in mathematics (SCM), Teacher responsiveness (TRES), positively worded items (pos), negatively worded items (neg).
There was support suggesting that in many cultures responses to negatively worded items are systematically different.
Moreover, a direct relationship between negatively worded items and achievement has been established.
Moreover, the correlation between the negatively worded items was statistically significant in all the countries.
Positively worded items included "I always look on the bright side of things".
But historically, negatively worded items have always proved more problematic for respondents.
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