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We first assessed general cognitive efficiency (Mini Mental State Examination Raven Progressive Matrices Brief Intelligence Teststhenthen, we tested memory (Corsi Test; words span test; brief text test; Rey Word Recognition test), and constructional praxis (Clock Drawing Test; Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure).
This paper presents the development and preliminary evaluation of a new word recognition test (WRT) designed to measure individual differences in mental flexibility, defined as the ability to solve novel problems in unfamiliar settings.
Subsequently, these words were presented together with new words in a visual word recognition test.
Participants were informed about the word valence rating only when commencing the word recognition test in the actual experiment.
Prior to the experiment, participants were instructed to listen to the words in each study phase and informed that their memory for these words would be assessed in a subsequent word recognition test.
Prior to the experiment, participants were instructed to listen to the words in each study phase and were informed that their memory for these words would be assessed in a subsequent word recognition test.
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A secondary aim of this study is to establish whether decontextualized word recognition tests are valid tools for assessing Arabic L1 users' English language proficiency.
Many studies have evaluated CI outcomes using open-set phonetically balanced word recognition tests or sentence tests [ 9].
The REALD tools are essentially word recognition tests that consist of dental terms from the American Dental Association Glossary of Common Dental Terminology and patient education materials [ 44– 44].
In the monosyllabic and multisyllabic word recognition tests, the lists of 20 words were used to examine discrimination and identification of skills.
We also excluded participants who had reading difficulties and those who took the learning, recall and word recognition tests using figures instead of words.
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