For once, public discussion of a best-selling memoirist didn't involve the words "fabrication," "apologize" or "James Frey".
Authors often use euphemisms instead of the words "fabrication" or "research misconduct," and finding published retractions can be costly because some affected journals charge readers a fee to visit their Web sites to learn about them, Dr. Sox said.
As mentioned before, scientists were less likely to reply affirmatively to questions using the words "fabrication" and "falsification" rather than "alteration" or "modification".
If only questions explicitly using the words "fabrication" or "falsification" were included (Table S2, questions 3, 6, 10, 26), the pooled weighted estimate was 1.06% (N = 4, 95%CI: 0.31 3.51) Other questionable practices were admitted by up to 33.7% of respondents (Table S2) (Figure 3, N = 20 (six studies), crude unweighted mean: 9.54%, 95%CI = 5.15 13.94).
A large portion of the between-studies variance in effect size was explained by three basic methodological factors: whether the survey asked about self or not, whether it was mailed or handed out to respondents, and whether it explicitly used the words "fabrication" and "falsification".
The regression model first tested the combined effect of three methodological factors measured by binary variables (self- vs non-self- reports, handed vs mailed questionnaire, questions using the word "falsification" or "fabrication" vs questions using "alteration", "modification" etc).
Lower percentages of misconduct were reported in self reports, in surveys using the words "falsification" or "fabrication", and in mailed surveys.
Meta-regression showed that self reports surveys, surveys using the words "falsification" or "fabrication", and mailed surveys yielded lower percentages of misconduct.
Excluding all surveys that were not mailed, were not self-reports and that did not use the words "falsification" or "fabrication" yielded a maximally conservative pooled weighted estimate of 0.64% (N = 3, 95%CI: 0.25 1.63).
We don't need no stinking badges!" The boldest form of misquotation is the wholesale fabrication, attributing words to movies in which nothing like them appeared.
On Aug. 28, District Judge Claudia Wilken said she would "give the jury a strongly worded instruction about the fabrication of evidence".
