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The following year, WNV spread northward from southern California to all 58 counties in the state, resulting in 779 human WNV cases and 28 deaths (3, 4 ).
In 2003, WNV spread westward to Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, but did not reach British Columbia until 2009 [ 281, 282].
In 2000, WNV spread to three states, with 21 human cases of WNV infection and 2 deaths.
However, Yiannakoulia and Svenson [ 10] found that inclusion of data on corvids did not improve predictive powers of their models for WNV spread in Alberta, Canada.
Initially detected in Uganda in 1937, West Nile virus (WNV) spread across Africa to the Middle East, West Asia, and eastern Europe [ 1, 2].
WNV spread southward from the United States to northern South America between 1999 and 2004 following a stepping stone pattern, consistent with spread by birds.
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During the last years, it has been noted that WNV spreads in the countries with moderate climate.
Although WNV has spread rapidly through continental areas, its ability to spread across oceanic barriers is uncertain.
Since its introduction into North America in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread rapidly across United States (US).
Since its introduction in 1999, West Nile Virus (WNV) has spread completely across the contiguous United States and has been responsible for over 20,000 confirmed human cases with over 1,000 deaths [4].
However, since its emergence in the United States in 1999, WNV has spread to 48 states and caused illness in more than 20,000 humans (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv and control.htm).htm
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