Exact(42)
Consequently, predicting and planning for WNV outbreaks is extremely difficult.
The North American epidemics of 2002 and 2003 represent the largest WNV outbreaks ever reported (6 ).
Our results have broad implications for the assessment of WNV risk and forecasting WNV outbreaks.
The recent European WNV outbreaks were apparently not associated with bird deaths (5, 21, 15).
modestus abundance, i.e., the 1960s and the 2000s, were associated with WNV outbreaks in the Camargue.
Our results have broad implications for risk assessment of WNV and forecasting WNV outbreaks.
Similar(18)
It is likely that signs and symptoms of encephalitis among transplant recipients during a WNV outbreak led to the recognition that WNV had been transmitted through organ transplants (17 ).
During the 1999 WNV outbreak on Staten Island, New York, a serosurvey conducted by Mostashari et al. found the highest seroprevalence of WNV among persons who spent >2 h outdoors from dusk to dawn; persons were even more likely to be seropositive if they reported never using a repellent containing DEET (11 ).
Since the first WNV outbreak in the U.S., which occurred in 1999 and was confined to the New York City area, annual outbreaks had pushed steadily westward.
The pattern of the 2003 WNv outbreak had stronger relationships with long-term climate normals than with weather or weather anomalies in either 2002 or 2003.
We tested this hypothesis by applying cluster detection methods to the 2003 WNv outbreak and examining the patterns of WNv cases in subsequent years to see if they fell within the 2003 cluster.
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