For example, in species such as the migratory grasshopper (in which males sequentially transfer up to fourteen spermatophores during a single copulation) it is impossible to collect all spermatophores without disrupting the mating pairs [ 49, 60].
The activation of similar proportions of GnRH cells without FG uptake in both the mated and the surge group indicate that nonneuroendocrine GnRH cells are not silent but can be activated by both mating and steroid hormones.
However, males often feign death if the female attempts to steal the gift without mating [ 23].
For the latter, without proper rearrangement, the mating type genes cannot be expressed.
This fungal species exhibits primary homothalism as its reproductive strategy [ 9]; thus, the change from the monokaryotic to the dikaryotic mycelium occurs without the prerequisite of mating between compatible individuals.
However, this motif can also be deleted from S. cerevisiae HO, without affecting the mating-type switching activity (Bakhrat et al. 2004).
ABYSS performs paired-ended assembly in two stages, first it assembles the reads without using the mate-pair information and in the second stage it utilizes the paired reads information to merge the contigs.
The species origin of amicronucleates was first explored when molecular methods were developed to identify species without the use of mating reactions.
In addition, we used CO2-narcosis, which induces oviposition without mating, to isolate the process of reproductive maturation.
