Sentence examples for without helpers from inspiring English sources

They found that, in groups without helpers, as many as four cubs survived for at least a year.

In cooperative breeding units with helpers, the young received 19% more food than in breeding units without helpers.

Furthermore, helper males had similar hormone excretion levels to those of size-matched breeder males without helpers, and to small breeder males.

Divorce rates in M. melanocephalus are low, but not yet quantified (M.S. Webster, J. Karubian, pers. comm).. Comparable data on nestling feeding rate was only available for dominant M. cyaneus males without helpers [ 39, 40].

Increased value of male care in M. coronatus compared to other Malurus seems unlikely since nestling starvation is uncommon (unpubl. data), and nestling feeding rates of males without helpers are similar in M. coronatus compared to M. cyaneus (Table 1).

The hypothesis that females might adjust egg size depending on such aid has recently been proposed by Russell et al. (2007), who found that female superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) breeding with helpers lay smaller eggs of lower nutritional quality than females breeding without helpers.

We also measured the same hormones in breeder males with and without helper males.

All suppressor mutants could grow on YPDA liquid medium without helper plasmid, although the growth were severely retarded compared with SH8836 strain (Additional file 1: Figure S1).

Here we describe the use of naked double-stranded (ds) linear DNA as a way to insert exogenous DNA sequences into chromosomes of mouse hepatocytes in vivo, without helper components such as integrase or transposase.

This is the first characterization of an enantioselective odorant receptor in insects and the results demonstrate that an OR alone, without helper proteins, can account for chiral specificity exhibited by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs).

Different approaches in reverse genetics have been developed but this is a cell culture-based technique that uses plasmid DNA alone with or without helper virus [ 35– 37] to generate the reassortant viruses.