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A comparison of the model with and without frailty suggests that ethnic performance gaps become slightly smaller after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity but remain statistically significant (see Table 3).
The models are fitted using with and without frailty.
Regarding hospital covariates, the hospital size presents statistical significance only in the Cox model without frailty.
Some factors are wrongly significantly associated based on the model without frailty terms.
In a very similar way, we are no longer justified to present series of older patients without frailty data.
In the initial model without frailty, old age predicted worse PCS, which is consistent with other studies [ 21, 22].
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A classical descending method was applied to select prognostic factors in each model (without frailties).
−: the corresponding covariate has not been selected for this transition by the descendant strategy based on model without frailties.
However, in our study, hospital size only suggests a statistically significant increase in hospital mortality risk in the Cox Model without frailties.
They also compared predictive accuracy of different multi-state models with or without frailties using a k-fold cross validated partial log-likelihood [ 24].
Men and women without anemia and without disability (frailty) were the reference group.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com