Also, a measure of the qualification structure (1 = employment workers without formal vocational qualification, 0 = no employment of workers without formal qualification) is included in the estimates.
On the contrary, the odds ratio pertaining to the interaction term indicates a negative relationship for firms employing workers without formal qualification (among others).
Geographical information is not longer the domain of experts, but citizens, often without formal qualification, voluntarily collect information about the environment they are living or working in, or are familiar with for some other reason.
Though without formal qualifications, he acquired an intimate knowledge of wildlife by hand-rearing abandoned or injured animals and birds.
Now, I hate credentialism: there are plenty of fools with Ph.D.s, some fools with fancy prizes, and a fair number of first-rate economic thinkers without formal qualifications.
One of the more prominent and well-funded independent art schools, OSE supports 14 associate artists a year, from diverse backgrounds, with or without formal qualifications such as a BA or MA.
The former have primary qualifications in a scientific or technical discipline, to which they add translation skills; the latter enter the profession as a result of their language skills (with or without formal qualifications) and subsequently develop a knowledge of the subject(s) they handle.
HReH data was not collected on: community-based eye care educators, cataract case-finders, integrated eye care workers and equivalents, nor on non-ophthalmic surgical and inpatient ward staff, including general nurses or clinical officers with 'on-the-job' training in ophthalmology or refractive error services but without formal qualifications.
Data was not collected on: community-based eye care educators, cataract case-finders, integrated eye care workers and equivalents, or on non-ophthalmic surgical and inpatient ward staff, including general nurses or clinical officers with 'on-the-job' training in ophthalmology or refractive error services but without formal qualifications.
The education category distinguished patients with and without a formal qualification, while access to transport concerned those with and without access to a car or van.
Furthermore, a grandfather clause was introduced that allowed nurses who worked in a speciality area, but without the formal qualification, to benefit from OSD.
