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All the above-mentioned methods aimed to develop an optimal phase estimator solely for signal demodulation without estimation of instantaneous parameters of the signals.
Without CSI delay and without estimation error: 0 km/h and γp = ∞.
With CSI delay and without estimation error: 10 km/h and γp = ∞.
This is achieved without estimation of the boundary curvature and holds for boundaries with both convexities and concavities.
In these solutions, students appear to make partitions all at once without estimation or prior to adjustment.
Inserting and in (27), after some calculation, the difference between Doppler spread in the system with and without estimation errors can be expressed as (28).
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A required information size and adjusted thresholds for significance cannot be calculated without estimations of an anticipated intervention effect.
Without range estimation noise and without NLOS errors, the target node must be at the intersection of all those circles whose centers are the reference nodes and whose radiuses are the range estimates.
A novel curvature estimator, which achieves robustness to noise without sacrificing estimation accuracy, is presented in this paper.
Simulation results have been obtained to compare the proposed detection schemes with and without spatial signatures, as well as with and without shrinkage estimation, showing that the introduction of spatial structures and shrinkage estimation significantly improves the overall detection performance.
This is accomplished without prior estimation of the regression function.
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