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It is wishful thinking without empirical credibility.
So what is a rational scientist type, who lives in the real world and doesn't believe in anything without empirical evidence, to do?
Pediatricians are on the front lines, and often being asked to deal with things without empirical data to back it up".
"Letting Nukes Happen" (editorial, May 16) claims, without empirical substantiation, that Iran, along with North Korea, is step by step developing its capability to build nuclear weapons.
My suspicion, without empirical testing, is that it makes it even more widespread than with Craigslist, because now people are traveling with phones and can find someone to hook up with tonight, where they are".
For example, county-based mental health departments in the United States were called to task for administering psychotherapeutic interventions for troubled children without empirical evidence for their effectiveness, even though these programs had been used for several years with demonstrated case-by-case clinical success.
UICC/AJCC stage groupings were defined without empirical investigation.
Such "underdetermination" in the interpretation is what Oscar cannot resolve without empirical investigation.
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In a nutshell, as it relates to applied ethics, we could paraphrase Kant: thoughts (ethical principles, norms) without content (empirical information, evidence) are empty, intuitions (empirical information, evidence) without concepts (ethical principles, norms) are blind.
That would indicate that Mr. Sullivan was making his determinations without any empirical data to support his judgments.
"I think it's an irresponsible article that labels people without proper empirical data," Mr. Tichy said in an interview.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com