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"And Latvia has shown that this kind of economic assessment is possible without currency devaluation".
I.B.M. said the increase would have been 6percentt without currency fluctuations.
Total hardware revenues fell 1percentt from a year ago, to $6.6 billion (or 6percentt without currency gains).
Importantly, such a market, if it could be established, would eventually let emerging-market economies tap foreign capital without currency mismatches.
To pay for the service, ITN created "transit savings accounts" which essentially standardize and financialize rides, making them transferable without currency.
Without currency fluctuations, net sales, excluding membership and other revenue, would have been $115.7 billion, about in line with analysts' estimates.
Similar(42)
Without currencies to define boundaries, marketing regions will be less tied to national borders than today, following instead the logic of distribution, or of culture.North-eastern France, for instance, might be lumped with French-speaking southern Belgium rather than with south-western France, which has more in common with the Basque region of Spain.
Europe would have to pull up its socks with or without the currency.
But even without the currency fight, the economics of sock-making here are shifting.
Montenegro also has its own Central Bank, even without a currency of its own to manage.
The software business grew to $4.8 billion, up 14percentt, or 6percentt without the currency effects.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com