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But without crossings, the railway becomes an endless barrier dividing communities, with people finding themselves literally on the wrong side of the tracks.
A standard diagram of an unknot, a diagram without crossings, is clearly not colourable because it has only one arc (the whole thing) and so two colours cannot be used.
In particular we will want to know if a given knot diagram represents a knot equivalent to an unknot, that is, a knot representable by a knot diagram without crossings.
One way of showing that a knot diagram represents a knot equivalent to an unknot is to show that the diagram can be transformed into one without crossings by a sequence of atomic moves, known as Reidemeister moves.
More generally, an embedding is a multivariate transformation of a manifold that resolves all trajectories on the original manifold without crossings.
Similar(55)
In models of homologous recombination that relate to double-strand break (DSB) repair, mismatches in the formed heteroduplex may be repaired by gene conversion, i.e. the conversion of one DNA strand into another, and the formed Holliday junction can then either be resolved with or without crossing-over [ 51- 54].
Observations with at least one line crossing within a road segment were coded as "ones" and observations without line crossings were coded as "zero".
Essentially, pseudoknot indicates crossing-over of the base-pair connection lines of two different stems, such that the RNA structure can no longer be represented as a planar (2-D) graph without edge crossings.
Repeated folding of polymers (crumpling) turns them into condensed fractal structures without self-crossings or entanglements.
Having analysed the irregular movements according to the type of crossing it was found, that car drivers behave the most irregularly at crossings without a refuge island.
As it has shown, it can spoil any scheme it doesn't like; in any case, nobody else can run the crossings without its acquiescence.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com