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Because consistency in general does not require truth, a mathematical theory can be conservative without being true.
Alternatively, consider how a map or picture might be accurate or inaccurate without being true or false.
Importantly, note that a state of affairs can exist without obtaining, just as a proposition can exist without being true.
Van Fraassen's point is that a theory can be empirically adequate, and hence latch on to the observable regularities in nature, without being true.
Most notably, since propositions of the form [a does not exist] can be true at a world without being true in it, sentences of the form '~◇~E!a' do not turn out to be logical truths for Adams.
However, in just the way that the realist strategy of selectivity (see section 2.3) may offer responses to the question of what it could mean for a theory to be close to the truth without being true simpliciter, this same strategy may offer the beginnings of a response here.
Similar(52)
Because x is supposed to be something the mere existence of which suffices for the truth of P; it couldn't have existed without P being true (Armstrong 1997: 115).
Intuitively, I might hold fixed all of my beliefs about Violet for the next 40 years, without its being true, in 2054, that I have the obviously false belief that Violet is still a child.
However, since Obama could have been accompanied without any of the contingently existing things Obama is actually accompanied by existing, the former state of affairs could have been true without the latter being true, and hence these states of affairs aren't identical).
Asymmetry of competition refers to larger hospitals that may be competitors for smaller district hospitals, without the reverse being true.
Unless, that is, there was no chance of \(A\) being true without \(B\) to begin with.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com