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Compounds without any substitution on the maleimide moiety were the most potent.
All commercial products of P. amarus obtained from a local market in Thailand were found to contain pure raw materials of P. amarus without any substitution or contamination.
Hydrophobic substitution such as isopropyl at 1-position of the indole moiety without any substitution at 2-position has an essential role for enhancing bioavailability and therefore for high in vivo efficacy.
All machine-observed concentrations were used without any substitution of concentrations below the limits of detection (LODs) to avoid introducing biases (Guo et al. 2010; Richardson and Ciampi 2003; Schisterman et al. 2006).
The compounds without any substitution (3a, 3h) were found to be more active than the curcumin but the compound with −OMe group on C-5 curcumin ring (3h) was found most active.
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For this study, an initial standardization, optimizing the age of A. fumigatus AFGRD105 for maximum melanin production using standard media without any substitutions of other carbon or nitrogen sources was carried out.
Without making any substitution, the manager may at any time in the game shift his players from one fielding position to another.
The separated undetoxified plasma was completely returned to the pigs circulation without any plasma substitution or exchange in contrast to animals receiving intensive care support alone (control group, n = 5).
Fundamentally, a word-based method initially detects interesting oligomers without allowing any substitutions, whereas a motif is typically a set of similar oligomers that contain some variations among them.
In the chimpanzee lineage (node A to chimpanzee ancestor), there are 5 non-synonymous substitutions while a 7-aa deletion without any synonymous substitution was located in the homeodomain (figure 2).
By contrast, it showed a strong signature of adaptive evolution especially prior to the speciation of human and chimp, where 7.1 nonsynonymous substitutions occurred without any synonymous substitutions (p = 0.033).
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