Two children (0.6%) were subjected to fundoplication in the absence of clinical symptoms and without any prior test(s) for GER.
Today, it is still the case, as the majority of chemicals in products can be used in the United States without any prior toxicity testing.
With this design, the remarkable result is that the method which is based on steels, can be used without modification, and without any prior fatigue test, to estimate the crack growth rates in nickel, titanium and aluminium alloys.
In consequence, we cannot recommend the generalised adoption of any single method without its prior testing in the healthcare setting of the intended implementation.
For their repair and maintenance, countless surface repair mortars are abundantly available on the market and are constantly used without prior testing in the laboratory.
Indeed, CD-1 mice tested in the TST and CD-1 controls without prior testing showed similar behavioural indices in the OF (Additional file 2: Figure S1).
Cautiousness should be taken in generalizing the validity and reliability of the KDSQ to middle-aged women of other ethnic backgrounds without prior testing.
Our strategy 1 involved germline mutation analysis without prior testing for MSI in those families that fulfilled clinical criteria for Lynch syndrome, and those for whom no tumour DNA was available for MSI analysis.
Dose and timing differ from the recently adopted WHO guideline, recommending a single dose of 0.25 mg/kg primaquine on the first day of treatment in similar settings, without prior testing for G6PD enzyme activity.
On the basis of a review of all published and unpublished data, the group concluded that a single dose as low as 0.25 mg/kg might be sufficient to block transmission and can be deployed safely without prior testing for G6PD enzyme activity.
Upon taking a history (and without review of any prior imaging or tests), the surgeon will provide the pre-test probability for eight possible diagnoses (see Figure 2).
