Deposits over 1010 steel were successfully obtained from electroplated baths using the complexes without any addition of free additives, at pH = 4.5 (H2SO4/Na2SO4).
Nowadays, consumers are aware of the health concerns regarding food additives; the health benefits of "natural" and "traditional" foods, processed without any addition of chemical preservatives, are becoming more attractive.
Meantime, GO could be partly reduced to the rGO without any addition of strong reduction agents.
The prepared adsorbent was in nano size and synthesized by only hydrolysis of urea without any addition of alkali and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
Microbial bioanodes were formed in pulp and paper effluent on graphite plate electrodes under constant polarization at −0.3 V/SCE, without any addition of nutriment or substrate.
Silver cations from silver nitrates could be rapidly and completely reduced to generate metallic silver nanoparticles using this plasma source without any addition of reducing chemical reagents.
Thus, this composite electrode could be applied to disinfect drinking water efficiently at a low potential (−0.6 V vs. SCE) without any addition of chloride.
The cellulose/polypropylene composite fabrications were achieved by using injection-molding technique where the composites with 25% cellulose loading gave high tensile strength of 27 MPa, without any addition of coupling agents.
