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Cockell, C., Kaltenegger, L., Raven J., Cryptic photosynthesis – extrasolar planetary oxygen without a surface biological signature, Astrobiology, 9, 7, pp. 623-636, 2009.
NaBH4 treatment allows increased electrocatalytic activities comparable to those obtained after other pretreatments, without a surface damage.
To investigate the susceptibility of geophytes to competition from a covering of permanent plants, the geophytes were grown with or without a surface vegetation layer of Sedum album.
We include a brief glossary of techniques discussed in the body of this article aimed at the biologist without a surface science background with appropriate references for advanced reading in this area.
Efficiency of 9.02% was achieved by using this nano/microhole array without a surface passivation layer.
Figure 8 Microscopic images showing a scaffold without a surface contact between actuators (a), the formation of a micropatterned cell sheet on the scaffold (b), and the micropatterned cell sheet recovered from the scaffold (c).
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Any surface exposure of the periotic bone (bone around the ear) on the skull is called the mastoid, and skulls without such a surface exposure are described as being amastoid.
The former, she said, are a game changer for cooks who want to wash raw meat off their hands without getting a surface dirty.
The troposphere may respond to forcing directly and rapidly (typically, «1 year) without invoking a surface temperature change.
It is important for a plain ceiling to be just that: a surface without blemishes, without bumps, and without small unrelated areas of different height.
An approach to increase local ligand concentrations without fully functionalizing a surface is to create patches or clusters of the ligand on the scaffold.
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