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Public debt is riskier in countries that cannot print their own currency (see De Grauwe's and my work with Salvatore Dell'Erba and Ricardo Hausmann), and the fiscally fragile periphery cannot implement expansionary policy without a backstop that can rule out debt runs.
So, for now, the Act is operating without a backstop by which ministers can zap requests.
Similar(56)
Almost no other country offers a 30-year fixed mortgage, because 30 years is unacceptably risky to the private market — without a government backstop.
Businessmen around the country said exports, a bright spot in the slow recovery, could not survive international competition without a financing backstop.
This time around, assets are evidently so rotten in so many places that no financial institution wants to risk doing business with any other financial institution without a government backstop.
It is hard to know quite how much rates would rise without a government backstop, but the housing market is in an upswing and affordability remains high, so it seems likely that the housing sector would continue to recover even with higher rates from both changes in housing finance and the Federal Reserve's eventual normalization of monetary policy.
Representative Maxine Waters of California, the senior Democrat on the panel, argued that without a government backstop Congress would likely have to step in during a crisis and that could again put taxpayer money at risk.
Never shoot a deer without a proper backstop.
Without the Ex-Im as a backstop, many of those deals would evaporate for lack of financing.
Those opposing reform argue that emergency rooms are always available as a backstop for those without insurance.
"It provides a backstop".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com