Suggestions(1)
Exact(7)
Within this host environment Cryptococcus encounters a variety of stresses.
As the different Thaparocleidus lineages found in P. micronema are not closely related to each other, multiple colonization events are likely to have occurred within this host species.
Elucidating the effects of oral streptococci on Candida virulence and the mucosal inflammatory response provides important new insights into the pathogenesis of fungal infection within this host niche.
Nevertheless, our dataset also provides some evidence for longer-term persistence of infection, indicating that Wolbachia infection within this host clade has been shaped by both horizontal and vertical transmission of symbionts.
A DFI approach using a reporter gene library of a bacterial symbiont or pathogen with host homogenate as inducer is useful to screen for genes or operons that are up-regulated within this host, demonstrated here by the use of a P. luminescens promoter-trap library and wax moth homogenate as inducer.
Under this hypothesis, even without any cost to adaptation, it is expected that parasites selected on a mixture of hosts would initially exhibit a lower success on a single host line because of the lower time spent within this host, but ultimately reach similar infectivity if selection is carried out for a long enough time.
Similar(53)
Through hundreds of thousands of years of co-evolution within this host-microbe habitat, these organisms have developed a complex scheme of cat-and-mouse survival strategies that affect the overall system.
In generation 4, a single wExe1-infected breeding pair produced a sex ratio of 10 3 (Table 1), suggesting that inefficient transmission can occur within this host-endosymbiont complex.
If cospeciation is indeed happening within this host-virus association, it would imply that prasinoviruses evolve more slowly than their hosts, as [ 11] have shown, based on genomic data, that the evolutionary divergence between hosts is much higher than that between corresponding viruses.
Within this unusual host cell, the parasite matures intracellularly and directs elaborate host cell remodeling, including development of various membranous structures within the erythrocyte cytoplasm and the protrusion of the erythrocyte surface into so-called knobs.
If vector-transmissible strains suffer a cost in terms of their replicative ability within humans, then this within-host natural selection acting against vector transmission might be enough to prevent its spread.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com