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Within the reference category, the Yahoo!
Compared with individuals within the reference category (FVIII C <94%) hazard ratios gradually increased from 1.4 (95% CI = 1.1 to 1.8) in the 152 to 170% category (fifth decile) to finally 4.4 (95% CI = 3.5 to 5.5) in the >313% category (highest decile, all P < 0.05).
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We compared the degree of BuChE inhibition within each stratum with the reference category of individuals who were hypothesized to have the lowest risk (i.e., individuals with RR genotype and high plasma PON1 activity).
There was a significant association between AL and a high density of heavy-traffic roads within 500 m compared with the reference category with no heavy-traffic road within 500 m (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 4.2), with a significant positive linear trend of the association of AL with the total length of heavy-traffic road within 500m.
Where ordered categorical variables have been used (number of doctors in a practice, number of practices within 1km) the reference category was chosen such that it contained either the 5th or 95th percentile.
However, directly assessing perceptions of social rank within the reference categories examined would have provided a possible subjective verification of the results of the study.
Ref refers to the reference category.
In the presence of an effect of smoking on γ-GT, false classification as 'never smoking' would raise the probability of elevated γ-GT in the reference category within each alcohol drinking group, most likely attenuating the effect estimates and diluting the statistical associations.
Using the unadjusted hazard ratios, the overall effect size for all-cause mortality for the lowest quantile or category of 25OHD compared to the reference category within each study was 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.30-1.55).
Logistic regression analysis was performed with normal weight non-diabetic women as the reference category and also within the diabetic cohort with normal weight type 1 diabetic women as the reference.
The analyses, of the impact of duration of residence, were performed within immigrant groups and also with native Danes as the reference category.
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