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Although these results exhibit a detailed summary of the distribution and the extent of disagreement within the outcomes of prior research, vote counting approaches have been strongly criticized as 'fatally flawed' (Borenstein et al. 2009: 252; Stanley and Doucouliagos 2012: 2).
Within the outcomes groups, 2 of the total test score outcomes had a significant E-S > 0.79.
Regarding bivariate distributions, all independent variables had a significant correlation coefficient (p <.05) with at least one of the three well-being measures (Table 2; see Appendix 2a for correlations within the independent variables and Appendix 2b, in the Supplementary Data, for correlations within the outcomes).
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d Items within the outcome scale have a five-point scale from "much worse" to "much better".
The Kappa statistic was used to describe the agreement between assessment approaches for individual items within the outcome measures examined.
A correlation of r=0.50 between the follow-up assessments within the outcome measurement was assumed in these calculations.
In other cases, the diagnostic differences indicated different relative representation of specific conditions within the outcome groups.
The diagnoses represented within the outcome groups varied between visit types (see Additional file 2: Table S2).
Within the probabilistic understanding of causality, individual variation exists within the outcome Y, which can not be explained by unconsidered factors.
Since items were not added or removed, the factors within the outcome measures essentially remained the same, hence factor analysis was not deemed necessary in this study.
44 We additionally analysed subgroups within the outcome measures of neonatal mortality and neonatal morbidity according to the arterial pH threshold reported (<7.00, <7.10, and <7.20).
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