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Fixed effects were fit for the grand mean as well as NIL family and line value was nested within the NIL family.
These analyses concurred with the significant PHT increasing (relative to B73) QTL effects identified in the CML277 × B73 and CML333 × B73 NAM families within the NIL's introgression regions.
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Within the error bars this result is identical to that of the whole period and is thus again compatible with the nil hypothesis.
Figure 2D shows the frequency of the seed area trait within the resulting NIL dataset.
As a further control for pedigree consistency in NIL pairs, the NIL hybrid obtained by crossing the contrasting NILs within pair 4.10_R55 (i.e., NIL4.10_R55-BH = NIL4.10_R55-BB × NIL4.10_R55-HH) was also included in the present study.
"The nil against is fantastic.
The study was performed on the Nil catchment in Belgium.
In any event, the nil hypothesis is fully supported.
Using Welch's t-test in R v2.12.0, the NIL line values for each of the traits were used in 1813 sequential single marker regressions across the introgression region to further resolve the original NIL effect and support joint-linkage mapping results within the CML277 and CML333 NIL families.
It is notable that the majority of the putative DEGs involved in defense-related phytohormone signaling pathways showed distinct or opposite patterns of variation in gene expression between Williams and NILs, particularly the NILs within the Cluster III.
The IIGs among the three clusters were analyzed by both broad range comparison, where all the genes within a cluster were counted, and narrow range comparison, where only those genes shared by the NILs within a cluster were counted.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com