Sentence examples for within offspring from inspiring English sources
In rodents, for example, variations in maternal care during the early postnatal period produces modifications of chromatin and demethylation of DNA within offspring brains which in turn are associated with stable changes in gene expression, brain development, and behavior [6].
Therefore, using only nests with complete hatching success, I nested observation (N = 206) within offspring (N = 107) and offspring within brood (N = 49), each as a random coefficient on age and on the square of age.
That is, in the field, yields of the GM lines Pm3b#2 and #4 were reduced by 56% and 48%, respectively, when compared with the corresponding control lines within offspring pairs.
At the time, MAS could only be done within family, and only within offspring of parents that had already been screened for segregation of the QTL.
Besides inter- and intraspecific karyotype variability, the analysis of mitotic chromosomes allowed us to identify differences in chromosome numbers even within offspring of individual females of all three species.
Conflict of interests that involve genomic imprinting are sometimes referred to as parental antagonism, in that the bulk of such conflicts center on the divergent interests of paternally inherited and maternally inherited genes, within offspring or other individuals subject to asymmetric relatedness of paternal and maternal genes to social interactants (Haig 2013; Haig et al. 2014).
These results can mainly be explained by the very low variance in within-group offspring body size.
Nevertheless, we also found differences in the performance of the within-population offspring among the four experimental populations.
The difference was statistically significant both for the number of within-pair offspring and for the number of extrapair offspring analyzed separately (Table 2).
In fact, both genetic and maternal effects might interact to result in observed differences between extra-pair and within-pair offspring.
Annual productivity for an individual was defined as the sum of all within-pair offspring successfully fledged over all nesting attempts of the season.
