This applies to study findings concerning both absolute measures of frequency (e.g. the proportion experiencing a particular outcome at a point in time or within a given period of observation) and measures of association (e.g. the relationship between a specific exposure or risk indicator and a particular outcome).
Indigenous knowledge system and practices is defined as a body of knowledge that develops within a given community through observation and real life experiences over a period of time, communicated orally or otherwise from one generation to the other with the ultimate aim of moulding its thought for the sole purpose of ensuring survival and progress [ 24].
The distribution of the parameter values clearly shows that the parameters can be uniquely determined for the given observations within the very large investigated parameter range, as the variance in the parameter sets yielding the best χ2 values is extremely low.
Other methods, such as generalized least squares, can also account for this correlation of observations within a given unit; however, these methods are based on the assumption that the correlation structure among observations from the same unit is correctly specified.
The quartile range across all observations within a given unigene and species represents technical and biological variability but does not influence grade.
We used the Huber [ 32] and White estimator [ 33, 34], clustered on states, to obtain robust error estimates that allow for the lack of independence of observations within a given state over time.
Within a given individual, the smallest number of observations was 20 for this analysis.
Thus, even with a large number of observations probing antibiotic-induced changes within a given cell population, flow cytometic ASTs fail from the lack of accurate statistical metrics to quantify multidimensional changes relative to controls.
For the last aim of our study we examined the HR response of the event for performance discontinuities by examining the individual data from observations of abrupt decreases in performance within a given race.
20 Despite the observation that up to 75% of HCC tumor nodules within a given patient's liver are clonally related, the precise genomic profiles, and therefore likely the phenotypes, are different among multifocal tumors.
