But continued repetition of the same tapping at regular intervals elicits a briefer and more perfunctory withdrawal response.
Repeated tactile stimulation of the siphon, leading to habituation of the withdrawal response, causes changes in the activity of the motor neurons innervating the response.
The signs of the withdrawal response (e.g., anxiety, tremors, elevation of blood pressure, abdominal cramps, and hyperthemia) can be viewed as signs of an activated sympathetic nervous system and to some extent an extreme, but nonspecific, arousal response.
Functionally, it appears with the first sign of a reflex activity during the second prenatal month, when stimulation by touch of the upper lip evokes a withdrawal response of the head.
Effector fatigue can be ruled out by showing that direct stimulation of the motor neurons controlling the withdrawal response can still elicit a perfectly normal reaction even after the response has completely habituated.
This second set of connections mediates the spontaneous withdrawal response.
In Tail immersion test, both the extracts showed significant increase in tail withdrawal response (p < 0.001).
Differences of analgesia and withdrawal response among ohmefentanyl stereoisomers have been studied.
The left hind paw withdrawal response to von Frey filament (Aesthesio®, DanMic Global LCC, San Jose, CA, USA) stimulation of the plantar surface of the footpads was determined.
Some other regularly checked reflexes include the foot pinch stimulus (loss of the pedal withdrawal response) and assessing the blink response (palpebral reflex) of the animals.
Tactile stimulation of the siphon and mantle shelf in Aplysia causes a characteristic withdrawal response of the external organs of the mantle cavity.
