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This approach allows us to determine the extent to which the revenue decline is influenced by income inequality and volatility, compared with the progressivity of state tax structure.
Therefore, in steady state, the dispersion in income increases with the degree of inheritability, the productivity of educational investments, and the returns to education (p), and decreases with the progressivity of public policies, just like the intergeneration elasticity (see Eq. 14).
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This way, the ratio ((hat{tau }_a^i -tau _a^i )(1-tau _a^i )=phi ) provides us with a natural indicator of the progressivity of the tax schedule, independent of the income level at which it is evaluated.
If yes, does that conflict with his assertion that his own tax proposal will retain the progressivity of the tax code?
Carroll and Young (2011) find that increases in the progressivity of the income tax schedule are associated with long-run distributions with greater aggregate income, wealth, capital and labor, and lower income inequality and higher wealth inequality.
However, trade liberalisation is known to create winners and losers between and within countries [ 11- 15]; with the 'trickle down' social and health benefits depending partly on the progressivity of a country's regulatory and redistributive policies [ 16]. Trade is no longer simply about the exchange of raw materials and final goods between countries.
Whereas excise tax is the most progressive of the indirect taxes, its progressivity is mainly due to the progressivity of fuel, alcohol and expenditure on phone airtime.
First, the progressivity of the federal tax and transfer system should be strengthened.
The proposal to privatize would weaken the progressivity of the system.
This in turn increasingly neuters the progressivity of tax systems, and exacerbates the inequality of final incomes.
Once you allow for the progressivity of public services, the OECD reckons, Sweden's Gini drops to 0.18.
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