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The sensor responses showed good agreement with the applied force in four different frequency conditions (i.e., 10 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, and 25 Hz).
The contact model indicates that the contact area between the pin and the pin support increases with the applied force on the connection.
We then compared the calculated force using the linear approximation formula with the applied force measured by the load cell.
Thus, we can observe the difference in force field by comparing the computed potential energy with the applied force fields namely MM+, AMBER and OPLS.
We compared the calculated force using the linear approximation formula in Fig. 11 with the applied force measured by the load cell.
Taking the energy balance into account, we finally get that the tangent to the trajectory t makes the angle θ, such that tanθ=−μ ′/μ, with the applied force F (with M P in Fig. 1).
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If the transverse deflection of nanowire is estimated with respect to the applied force by AFM, then elasticity theory (Euler Bernoulli beam theory) is used to extract the elastic modulus (Young's modulus) and/or the yield strength of nanowires.
Two of these devices include an inerter, a novel mechanical element with the property that the applied force is proportional to the relative acceleration between its terminals.
Further on, in the second phase (from approximately 150 kN for footings F6 and F9), one may notice stagnation of the settlement of the footing corner, while the settlement of the column stub continues to grow faster with the increase of the applied force, which leads to the deflection of the footing.
It is important to note that the parameters a and b change with the amplitude of the applied force, indicating a force-dependent nonlinearity of the creep modulus, such that a decreases with increasing force, whereas b shows diverging behavior.
Punctual contact with friction (hard contact) : the applied force has a component normal to the contact boundary and may have another one tangential to it.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com