Gestational age in the NN4B data is recorded in weeks, calculated from relevant menstrual data held within the maternity system. 2 In 2005, the ONS started receiving a subset of the variables from this data set so that linkage with birth registration could be piloted.
Investigations of linkage validity are rare [ 14], and comparisons of linkage strategies uncommon [ 15]; however, available assessments of matching strategies have shown that linkage with limited personal information can be useful in a number of areas [ 10- 16, 16- 18].
Recent simulation studies have indeed relaxed the assumption of free recombination, with the initial finding that linkage can impede rescue in spatially structured, locally adapted populations (Schiffers et al. 2013; Bourne et al. 2014).
Nevertheless, we cannot exclude the possibility that linkage disequilibrium with other genes in MHC explain our results.
An emerging theme is that linkage blocks with certain allelic combinations of stress-related genes involved in responses to diseases, dehydration, temperature extremes, and light stress are important components of plant vigor and heterosis [ 18, 105- 108].
A series of interviews with R&D managers suggests that linkages in geographical proximity are more likely than distant linkages to generate impulses to innovation and create significant learning effects at the firm.
To compare both algorithms, the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) for each marker was calculated by comparing its position in the composite map with that on the individual linkage maps, and the average RMSE across the markers within a linkage group was used to assess the goodness-of-fit for the composite map.
Comparison of the order of loci on the physical map with that on the genetic linkage map revealed discordance with at least one locus disordered in eight linkage groups/chromosomes.
The signal intensity data of the 28 individuals of the SFP discovery set was analyzed by a mixed-model ANOVA using the full probe-set for each gene separately to evaluate the correspondence between the putative SFPs detected based on this procedure with those that were linkage mapped by the standard procedure adopted of SFP selection, genotyping and mapping.
Eight candidate variants were identified that fit with the linkage data.
