In the past two years, new alcohol oxidation enzymes were developed through genome-mining and protein engineering, such as new copper radical oxidases with broad substrate scope, alcohol dehydrogenases with altered cofactor preference and a flavin-dependent alcohol oxidase with enhanced oxygen coupling.
Catalytic antibody 16G3, a peptide ligase with extended substrate scope has been characterized mechanistically exploiting a set of systematically designed perspective substrates 6 9, two of which, thioesters 8 and 9 act instead as inhibitors.
The biocatalytic reduction of activated CC-bonds is dominated by ene-reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme family, which gained broad practical use owing to exquisite stereoselectivity combined with wide substrate scope.
There has been important progress made to overcome these challenges, including the development of enzymes with broader substrate scope and the design of methodology to effectively displace the reaction equilibrium.
With the substrate scope and stereochemical outcome in hand, we propose a plausible catalytic cycle via a stepwise reaction sequence.
A catalytic amount of lanthanide triflates worked well and high yields with wide substrate scope were obtained.
To further improve and extend the scope of DKR reactions, more efficient and more enantioselective enzymes with broad substrate scope are required.
These synthetic methods generally suffer from stoichiometric use of toxic and expensive catalysts, waste generation, long reaction times, and/or low product yields with limited substrate scope.
One strategy to overcome the innate limitation of a chelation-controlled approach is to develop catalytic methods that function without the need for such coordinating groups; although there are notable examples of success with this approach, 2c, 6 significant limitations with regard to substrate scope and enantio- and regioselectivity remain.
Reactive immunization has proven to be an efficient approach to generating highly proficient catalytic antibodies with unusually broad substrate scope.
