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In 2014, modelling by the Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis estimated that gross domestic product per capita would drop by 48% once the mines are exhausted, with substantial effects kicking in as early as 2027.
Argentina suffered two large crises from the mid-1970s thethe mid-2000s with substantial effects on the income distribution.
In the western United States, overgrazing, weed invasion and wildfire have resulted in the conversion of shrub-steppe to annual grasslands, with substantial effects on ecosystem function.
The technological developments described have enabled an increase in mini-tuber production, with substantial effects on reducing the cycle of seed tuber production and increasing seed quality while reducing the incidence of disease.
Under these circumstances, to search for rare risk variants with substantial effects may be a fruitful approach [12].
Nonetheless, these imaging results, taken together, indicate that the DAT KO brain is both qualitatively and quantitatively different than the corresponding WT brain, with substantial effects on the reward pathways that may involve several of the monoamine systems.
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Reconstruction of the Lebanese armed forces has been attempted, particularly with the assistance first of the United States and then of Syria, with substantial effect.
We detect 6 genes with AEI in more than one subject, indicating that a frequent regulatory variant is present with substantial effect on expression (Table 4).
This variability was confirmed in statistical analyses comparing the most abundant taxa (>3%) with substantial effect size variation within and among taxa (Technical Appendix).
This study showed that physiotherapy, which began two weeks after surgery, improved shoulder function and quality of life and reduced shoulder pain in patients with axillary dissection in breast cancer with substantial effect sizes.
When we compared the force to failure of the bone/cement interface to that of the porous metal/cement interface, we found that the differences were statistically significant, with substantial effect size.
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