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In stratified analyses among physicians alone, having French as a dominant language (β = −0.34, p < 0.005) was negatively correlated with skillfulness.
In stratified multivariate analyses among physicians alone, having a French dominant language (β = −0.34, p < 0.005) was negatively associated with skillfulness, while problem-awareness about inadequate cross-cultural training (β = 0.22, p < 0.005), had a positive association.
Two items related to problem awareness about cross-cultural care were positively associated with skillfulness among all providers together: awareness about "lack of practical experience caring for diverse populations" and "inadequate cross-cultural training".
Among nurses alone, having received training on the history/culture of a specific group (β = 0.25, p = 0.02) was associated with skillfulness, as was problem-awareness about the lack of practical experience caring for diverse populations (β = 0.16, p = 0.04).
In bivariate analyses among all providers (data not shown for simple linear regressions), physician role was significantly associated with skillfulness (β = 0.17, p < 0.005), while French as a dominant language was associated with lower skillfulness (β = −0.16, p = 0.02).
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The effect of provider role- with higher skillfulness associated with physicians, remained significant even after completely adjusting for possible explanatory factors in the multivariate models (β = 0.13, p = 0.05) (Table 3).
Notably, French, as a dominant language was associated with lower skillfulness among physicians.
Providers' reported training experiences were included, as these are associated with provider skillfulness [ 25].
All items on provider training and problem-awareness were associated with increased skillfulness.
Among all, two problem-awareness items were significantly correlated with higher skillfulness: awareness about inadequate cross-cultural training (β = 0.14, p = 0.01) and awareness about the lack of practical experience available in caring for diverse populations (β = 0.11, p = 0.04).
We used linear regression to examine how provider role (physician vs. nurse) was associated with composite skillfulness scores, adjusting for demographics (gender, non-French dominant language), workplace (time at institution, work-unit "sensitized" to cultural-care), reported cultural-competence training, and cross-cultural care problem-awareness.
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