The circuit was simulated with the TSPICE, VerilogA and SPECTRA Cadence simulator with respect to its realization in CMOS 0.8 μm technology.
The authors wish to thank Dr. Andrea Walpersdorf for her fundamental competencies with respect to the realization of the RENAG database; Prof. Toshitaka Tsuda for his suggestions and inspiration regarding the heterogeneity index; and Prof. Andrea Mazzino, Dr. Federico Cassola, and Dr. Francesco Ferrari for sharing meteorological simulation data and their support with the WRF model.
Applying mathematical expectation with respect to independent realizations of signals and noise, the SINR for th user is (5).
The expectation is taken with respect to new realizations of the data y n D. Note that such an overarching estimation would be computationally intractable for a non-linear model.
The estimated modulus of the velocity vector is shown in Figure 3B as a function of the simulated modulus of velocity, superposing curves corresponding to different angles obtained averaging with respect to the noise realization and indicating the standard deviation (STD).
Finally, the proposed approximation of the BER can be obtained by averaging with respect to the channel realization H, thus giving BER d = E 1 2 ∑ s = 1 Q ′ p s ′ Q σ w 2 σ w d 2 ( 1 − c 1 ) − ℜ ( α s ) σ w d 2 2 + 1 2 ∑ s = 1 Q ′ p s ′ Q σ w d 2 σ w d 2 ( 1 − c 1 ) + ℜ ( α s ) σ w d 2 2. For QPSK constellations, it can be shown that Q ′ = 1 c 1, where 1 c 1 = N K is assumed to be integer.
where the expectation is taken with respect to the channel realizations.
The expectation in Equation (14) is taken with respect to the channel realizations.
Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms yield significant reductions in the number of adders/subtractors with respect to the original realizations without violating the error constraints, and consequently lead to CMVM designs with less area, delay, and power dissipation.
The performance measure is the average achievable rate r=frac{1}{K}sumlimits_{k=1}^{K}mathbb{E}[ log_{2}(1+text{SINR}_{k}) ] of the UTs, where the expectation is taken with respect to different channel realizations and users.
