This means that through comparison, items, objects or performances are measured with reference to another item, object or performance (Andrich, 1988; Rasch, 1961; Thurstone, 1927).
The OHS-PCS did reach the notional ceiling effect postoperatively, but a best score on this subscale appears (with reference to item content) to reflect the absence of pain.
Nevertheless, as seen with reference to the finances item, there may be good reasons for retaining some items even though their weighted impact scores are low.
With reference to item (a), two friction compensation schemes are presented; one of them uses both the reference and the actual velocities, whereas the other employs only the actual velocity.
With reference to item No. 3 in the questionnaires, words and sentences expressed by the patients were coded as positive or negative concepts.
The research psychiatrist will also assess each patient for suicide risk, clinically and with reference to item 10 on the MADRS and question A3G on the MINI.
With reference to the 'Slope' item, the null hypotheses states that the gradients are not significantly different from zero.
With reference to item No. 3, the patients followed by group care expressed a wider and more articulated range of concepts associated with the care received (T1DM = 210, T2DM = 356) than those seen by usual care (T1DM = 152, T2DM = 314).
Responsiveness can also be tested with reference to a transition item, where the responsiveness is tested only in participants who have reported that clinical change has occurred.
These patients warrant a general enquiry from health professionals about how they are managing, with reference to high-scoring items.
30 As this review focuses on randomised controlled trials, we conducted the review with reference to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines which aim to improve the reporting of systematic reviews.
