The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of orthodontic PILs with reference to the DISCERN instrument.
The primary aim of this study was to assess the quality of orthodontic PILs with reference to the DISCERN instrument.
Our physical activity instrument was developed with reference to the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire, which has been validated using doubly labeled water (r = 0.58) [ 28] and has shown high reliability across administrations 3-7 weeks apart (ICC = 0.84) [ 29].
The review of the HrQoL instruments revealed that there were no items in the EQ-5D-Y with reference to the representation of environmental factors (Table 5).
The latest developments of these devices at ISIS will be discussed with reference to three ISIS instruments, MERLIN, GEM and ENGIN-X.
Thus, these studies provided little information on health-related QOL with reference to a standardized instrument (e.g., WHOQOL-BREF) for the general urban population in mainland China, and the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF in this population remain largely elusive.
The two-way LITE forceps for robot-assisted surgery was developed with reference to a surgical instrument of da Vinci® surgical system [9] which has been used for many clinical applications [10].The working of the end effector of the da Vinci® instrument is based on the rotation of four disks connected to the side that is attached to the surgical robot.
We discuss the need for and the uses of this instrument with reference to specific case study material and explore to what extent the life course calendar is suitable for the study of individual life courses and travel behaviour.
Muscle action potentials were recorded differentially between the inside of the pipette and the sea-water of the bath and amplified (DAM 80, World Precision Instruments, New Haven, CT, USA) with reference to a silver chloride pellet placed in the bath.
Traditionally, the psychometric assessment of PRO instruments has been reported in the literature, with little or no reference to the development of the instrument itself.
Strengths of our study are the use of mixed methods, the application of research instruments that were thematically designed with reference to self-management literature and data were collected from a diverse sample of different ethnic and religious groups, male and female and living with a range of chronic diseases.
