By examining these and other ecological, demographic and phenological differences (with special reference to measures of mortality, caste composition, and timing of gall opening), our aim is to elucidate the key selective factors that have influenced the evolution of sociality in the galling aphids and other fortress-defending organisms.
After Poncelet discovered that Desargues's theorem could be more simply formulated in projective space, other theorems followed within this framework that could be stated more simply in terms of only intersections of lines and collinearity of points, with no need for reference to measures of distance, angle, congruence, or similarity.
The markers were aligned with Nipponbare reference to measure the accuracy of the genetics map.
Each focus area was tracked during the observation with reference to these measures.
With reference to quantitative measures, ddPCR technology, MIPs or MLPA and PRT, represent far more reliable and robust approaches for accurately resolving multi-allelic CNPs and should be used in preference if possible.
The electrical and thermal conductivities in the basal plane of graphite films prepared from aromatic polyimide films were evaluated with reference to previously measured electrical and thermal conductivities along their longitudinal directions at room temperature with the aid of magnetoresistance anisotropy measurement at 77 k.
With reference to cytokines measured, we used an ELISPOT assay.
Absorbance formed during diazotization of the nitrite with sulphanilamide and subsequent coupling with N-1-naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride was measured at 546 nm, and the percentage scavenging activity was measured with reference to the standard (ascorbic acid).
Test sample genomic DNA was end-labeled with Cy3, whereas CBS999.97 1-2, wt) genomic DNA was labeled with Cy5 and used as a reference to measure DNA copy number changes.
Further research will need to explore the existence of subdimensions and provide further validation with reference to other neuropsychologic measures of attention and knowledge of lesion severity and localization.
