Hypodontia, with small tooth size and reduced tooth form, usually occurs without systemic conditions.
Moreover in patients with hypodontia, not only is there reduced tooth size and form compared to controls, but the teeth erupt later, showing that the whole developmental process is affected.
Loss of Eda leads to a smaller primary enamel knot and decreased expression of signalling molecules with the phenotypic outcome of smaller teeth with reduced cusp morphology and altered outline shape.
Tooth interference, normally avoided altogether by adhering to standard design guidelines, becomes a concern when non-standard tooth forms with reduced radial clearance are employed, such as large-fillet short-dedendum gears.
Mutations in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene are responsible for hypophosphatasia, an inborn error of bone and teeth metabolism associated with reduced levels of serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
Our results warn against long durations of splinting in patients with greater labial inclination of mandibular teeth and/or patients with reduced labial bone thickness, because in such patients the loads might be more of pathologic nature and cause periodontal damage and pathologic tooth mobility [8, 22, 23].
However the really big tyrannosaurs (a clade called the tyrannosaurines) were all very similar in general morphology: they were big (8 metres long and upwards), heavy animals (multiple tons) with reduced hands, bull necks and proportionally large skulls and big teeth.
This is combined with reduced trading risk in our view.
How can we get by with reduced sleep?
Airline executives have been looking ahead with reduced expectations.
