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The risk factors investigated were per capita income, primary income earner's schooling, age, participant's schooling, employment, skin color (investigate by observations with proxy of ethnicity. That is, it include aspects sociocultural that exceeded the socioeconomic level) and marital status.
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Eight studies determined exposure to GA through interviews with proxies of cases, and 5 studies used medical records to determine exposure.
Activity involvement and persistence were included, with proxies of these being the number of activities an HPV performed over a 3-month period and years of HPV experience, respectively.
That the risk of cancer may be affected by early exposures is suggested by the associations observed with proxys of early exposures such as size at birth, childhood growth and height.
Access to claims data may also eliminate some issues with proxy reporting of resource utilization, such as unawareness of care use or a too-long recall period [ 7, 8].
We used this information to determine the number of persons admitted to public hospitals during 2009 2012 and discharged with proxy diagnoses of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) (ICD-10 code J9 18) (8 ).
Active trachoma was independently associated with proxy indicators of low socioeconomic status, facial cleanliness, fly-eye, parental literacy and source of water.
That left prosecutors to charge the three men with proxy offenses of making false statements rather than crimes directly involving terrorism.
In this study, seasonal water balance models were used as a mechanistic approach to reconstruct streamflow with proxy inputs of precipitation and air temperature.
Nevertheless, in high-TB burden settings, the TST performs reasonably well and correlates as well, or better, with proxy measures of exposure [14].
There was strong evidence of an association between lung-cancer mortality and both NO2 and PM2.5, but not with proxy measures of traffic exposure.
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