In that spirit, some schools have long given discontinued versions of the PSAT to eighth graders, and scored the exams themselves, though with no formal benchmark for what those scores might mean.
Gauging competitiveness is a murky business, with no obvious benchmarks.
As the acting solicitor general warned, its logic, if upheld, would lead to "personal privacy" for local, state and foreign governments, with "no meaningful benchmarks to guide the federal agencies and the courts in defining the limits" of those interests.
With any benchmark we must be wary of over fitting.
But you could say, too, that the mid-century America in which these composers wrote their finest works — the optimistic New Deal consensus that gave us victory over the Depression and the Axis, which carried us into the first wave of the civil-rights era, with its benchmark achievements — no longer exists.
With no well-defined benchmarks, this is challenging and must be determined on a country-by-country basis.
The study, which is performed with the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 1 plant design, complements a previous paper on input uncertainty characterisation and propagation (Sin et al., 2009).
There is no current benchmark with regards to operative time and surgical cases involving General Surgical Residents.
The first column reports the benchmark with no maternity leave policy.
Good inter-examiner reliability was found for the collapsed ICDAS codes 1 3, 4 and 5 6, with no significant difference from benchmark values (p = 0.21) and a low mean square of error (0.44).
