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The results show that the predicted strengths match more closely with maximum stress theory.
Agreement between calculated and measured results obtained was good and areas of the bogie frame with maximum stress were predicted with reasonable accuracy.
The fatigue specimens were loaded with maximum stress of about 60% of the ultimate failure stress and no complete fracture occurred after 5,000,000 cycles.
Two scale-down models were developed operating under laminar and turbulent condition, generating repetitive oscillating hydrodynamic stress with maximum stress values ranging from 0.4 to 420 Pa, to compare the effect of the different flow regimes on the cells behavior.
The results present that the peaks of eddy currents on vessel and conductor shell are respectively 11.791 kA and 68.637 kA with maximum stress 67.1 MPa due to high transient electromagnetic (EM) force.
The results indicated that soil stress due to the tool motion was distributed as a set of pressure bulbs with maximum stress near the tool face that was decreasing along the longitudinal direction.
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The model predicts 8.23% shortening and an average curvature of 0.294 ± 0.26 cm−1 in the vessel after knee flexion, with maximum stresses of 61.17 kPa and maximum strains of 0.16%.
As shown in the figure, the steel arch stress with tunneling converges very fast, and the stress is small with a maximum stress of less than 100 MPa.
Then it is shown that the torsional strength can be computed with the maximum stress criterion.
Better agreement between experimental results and numerical predictions is observed with the maximum stress criterion.
The fatigue tests were performed under variable amplitude loading with a maximum stress of 1000 MPa.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com