Presently conventional light oil reserves are diminishing globally in the face of rising global energy demand, with large estimated reserve of heavy crude oil and tar sands worldwide, the petroleum industries are turning to heavy oil as an alternative potential of energy source.
Similarly, differences were more pronounced in meta-analyses with large estimated treatment benefits in the overall meta-analysis compared with meta-analyses with small estimated benefits (P for interaction <0.001) and in meta-analyses of complementary interventions compared with conventional medicine (P for interaction <0.001).
Stratified analyses indicated that differences in effect sizes between trials with and trials without exclusions were more pronounced in meta-analyses with high between trial heterogeneity, in meta-analyses with large estimated treatment benefits, and in meta-analyses of complementary medicine.
Removing comparisons between loci on the same linkage group appeared to have a nonuniform effect on estimates of Ne with larger estimates being more affected by removing linkage.
In the studies we reviewed, adjustment for fiber tended to be associated with larger estimates where this was done (5, 6, 9), suggesting that other studies may have underestimated the association, and our pooled estimate may be an underestimate.
However, empirical evidence exists that indicates poorly reported studies are associated with larger estimates of intervention effect, i.e. poor reporting reflects poor methodology, which in turn is associated with biased results [ 20].
An increased duration of followup in a study is associated with larger estimates of the MCID [ 24], therefore we chose to limit the followup to 1 year, similar to that in a previous study on the MCID of the PRWE in patients with traumatic upper-extremity conditions [ 22].
County-level smoking and alcohol were associated with larger estimated PM2.5 effects.
As the p-values tend to be stochastically smaller for genes with larger estimated fold changes in our data, we still use the largest q-value in a list of genes as a conservative estimate of the upper bound of pFDR even though we have excluded the genes with estimated FC < 2 (or estimated FC < 10 in some cases as noted in the Results section).
At low detection probabilities (less than 40%), population estimates were highly variable with some large estimates (>20,000 birds).
