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In this paper, we study the reliability of a multi-component system with interacting components that are subject to both continuous degradation process and categorized shocks.
We then illustrate the flexibility and extensibility of the intended distributed cognitive approach by presenting the iterative development of a simple reactive system with interacting components.
An example of the MEMS (Micro-electro mechanical systems) oscillator, which is a typical system with interacting components subject to continuous degradation and categorized random shocks, is studied in the end to demonstrate the results obtained in this paper.
These results underscore the remarkably similar properties that have been attributed to networks with interacting components, from human social systems to mutualistic networks of plants and pollinators [43].
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There are situations in various fields of science and engineering where the systems of interest are complex and high dimensional with many interacting components.
However, because manipulative parasites are embedded in complex systems, with many interacting components, changes in the environment are likely to affect those systems in various ways.
As a result, system (1.1) becomes a stochastic Lotka-Volterra competition system with n interacting components as follows: dx_{i}(t)=x_{i}(t Biggl[Biggl(b_{i}- sum_{j=1}^{n}a_{ij}x_{j}(t Biggr),dt+sigma_{i},dB_{i}(t Biggr],quad i=1,2,ldots,n, (1.2) where (b_{i}), (a_{ij}), (sigma_{i}) are non-negative for (i,j=1,2,ldots,n), and (sigma_{i}^{2}) will be called the noise intensity matrix.
Microscopic processes with few interacting components can have considerable effects at the macroscopic scale [ 1- 3].
Biological networks are dynamic systems with multiple interacting components (Tyson et al. 2003; Zhang et al. 2010a).
By contrast, our focus on acupuncture as a complex intervention with many interacting components meant that a feasible and valid sham control was problematic [ 16, 17].
Within the health sector there are a range of non-pharmacological 'complex interventions' that involve an intervention with several interacting components[ 2].
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