Extended LR is plagued with increased lethality as a result of "small for size" remnant liver mass, and hence best reproduces massive liver resections in patients with large tumors, or small for size liver grafts, as sometimes seen following LDLT [38].
On the other hand, when considering mortality, real differences in incidence may be attenuated, since lower participation rates in screening programmes have been reported in rural areas[ 32] and this translates as a lower number of in situ tumours and a higher proportion of more advanced stages with increased lethality[ 36].
Recent literature on suicide seems to support a 'suicidal spectrum' ranging from suicidal ideation to suicide completion, with decreasing prevalence and increasing lethality [ 5].
The compensatory mechanism by which increasing lethality can coincide with steady neutrality seems to be a decrease of the number of near neutral mutants.
Rapamycin at doses ranging from 200 1000 nM was tested, with 200 nM chosen as the dose for our experiments, based on increasing lethality at doses >800 nM.
Dual infections with myxozoan parasites can be a common occurrence and may have a synergistic effect increasing lethality of infection (Nichols and True 2007).
Consistent with the idea that this loss of cortical DE-cad was biologically relevant, we found that maternal heterozygosity for a null allele of DE-cadherin (shgR69) enhanced the embryonic lethality of Rab11j2D1, increasing lethality from 15.5% (n = 437) to a level near that for complete embryonic lethality (23.5%; n = 391; half of these embryos would also be zygotically heterozygous for shgR69).
This pattern is consistent with the increased lethality rates observed amongst the genes targeted with promoterless constructs in this data set, and reported previously (White et al., 2013).
Attenuation of FGFR2b ligands activity postnatally in the context of hyperoxia also leads to increased lethality with decreased surfactant expression.
Flies lacking MUL1, PINK1 or parkin are viable, but PINK1/MUL1 or parkin/MUL1 double mutants manifest increased lethality with much more severe muscle degeneration, reduced ATP levels, defective mitochondrial morphology and increased Mfn levels.
