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Samples in the families containing bismuth or thallium always exhibit a great deal of atomic disorder, with atoms in the "wrong" crystallographic sites and with impurity phases.
The key to producing optical glass is rigid control of the refractive index, for which it is necessary to use highly controlled materials with impurity levels lower than the parts-per-million range.
Such materials are typically crystals "doped" randomly with impurity atoms.
The study assumes importance because of its intimate connection with impurity drift in nanodevices.
The simulation is performed with impurity percentage (C=0.5%) and impurity potential (V = 50mbox{ MeV}).
Microscopic investigations are fundamental to understand the mechanical behaviour of strained Si layers, especially in combination with impurity atoms.
Similar(19)
Generally, refined means elegant and cultured in appearance, manner or taste, or with impurities removed.
As the molten zone moves along, therefore, it becomes more and more concentrated with impurities.
They said they were told the refiners refused to source directly from the Great Lakes region of Africa and refused scrap gold with impurities associated with mined gold.
Bleaching often reduces the resistance of oils to rancidity, because some natural antioxidants are removed together with impurities.
Ordinarily, electrons collide with impurities as they move through a metal, which results in a frictional loss of energy.
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