When benthic biodiversity was included in the prioritization (Fig 8a,b), there were more areas with higher selection frequencies, indicating less spatial flexibility in the configuration of protected areas (Fig 8c).
Influenza A (H7N9) virus adapting into new host, PB1-F2 of H7N9, might be faced with higher selection pressures.
When compared with species with higher selection efficiency, paralog segregation in human is not nearly as complete or efficient for families with high dosage sensitivity.
Those with higher selection coefficients are more likely to win the competition resulting in loss of the smaller effect mutations, a phenomenon called 'clonal interference' [ 3, 4].
While resistance increased with higher selection doses, the magnitude of cross-resistance in MCF-7TXT cells to paclitaxel at dose 12 (251-fold) was still greater than resistance to docetaxel (79.2-fold).
Usually in the early stages of viral pandemic outbreaks, the virus adapting into a new host will be faced with higher selection pressures; particularly, codons/amino acid sites of the virus under positive selection pressures are likely to be more [ 25].
Under the assumption that the number of available beneficial mutations is infinite, CI is predicted to: 1) slow the rate of adaptation by delaying fixation of beneficial mutations, and 2) result in a larger mean selection coefficient of fixed beneficial mutations (i.e., mutations with higher selection coefficients out-compete smaller ones).
The data on these species endowed with higher selection efficiency reveals that paralog segregation becomes more sensitive and more tightly correlated to differences in dosage sensitivity and variations in divergence time, as attested by the quadratic dependence in the Ks <ν>-<η> plot.
Bacillus subtilis pheS was genetically modified to obtain a counter-selection marker with high selection efficiency in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Subset selection is determined by picking up the most stable voxels, namely, the voxels with highest selection frequency throughout all replications.
