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As for contemporary biological research, researchers have endeavored to identify genes underlying phenotypic differences associated with domestication via comparison of domesticated species and their wild ancestors [ 3, 4].
This assumption assumes that if hybridization between domesticated and wild populations occurs, alleles associated with domestication should decrease in frequency over time as selection acts on the population in nature.
Mycologists have had mixed success with domestication.
I did not include it in the main body of the chapter because, well, it has nothing to do with domestication.
Advanced DNA sequencing has propelled the unveiling of underlying genetic changes associated with domestication.
Chemical characteristics of structural polysaccharides significantly vary with domestication, probably a consequence of selection pressure for wide agricultural environments.
Others have shown that carefully controlled selective breeding is responsible for many of the collective changes associated with domestication.
For cereals, most botanists consider non-shattering to be the key change associated with domestication (e.g. [87]).
However, further functional studies are required to define the link between the major regulatory changes of spikelet-related gene expression and the panicle phenotypic variations associated with domestication.
In some cases, features commonly associated with domestication have not been selected directly but rather represent side effects of the relaxation of selection (e.g., Dobney and Larson 2006).
nivara and comparing it to O. sativa to identify regions of the genome that show the footprints of selection associated with domestication and varietal differentiation.
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