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Thus, the serum concentrations of these compounds associated with developmental effects in rats are several orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations observed here.
Overexposure to naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater and soil can cause a variety of cancers and has been associated with developmental effects, neurotoxicity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Adult toys are made from a variety of plastics, including polyvinyl chloride, and they may contain phthalates, some of which are associated with developmental effects in males following in utero exposure in both animal and epidemiological studies.
To test whether dependent measures were confounded with developmental effects (the higher age, the higher performance and the lower ERP-amplitudes), simple correlations with "age" were computed across all groups.
Results: Targets in inflammatory chemokine signaling, the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, and the plasminogen-activating system were strongly perturbed by some chemicals, and we found positive correlations with developmental effects from the U.S. EPA ToxRefDB (Toxicological Reference Database) in vivo database containing prenatal rat and rabbit guideline studies.
We used a stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with 5-fold cross-validation to identify multivariate toxicity signatures based on significant associations between groups of pVDCs with developmental effects specific to rats or rabbits and the remainder of the ToxCast in vitro assays and pathway perturbation scores.
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PBDEs have been associated with adverse developmental effects in animals.
The authors reported that urinary metabolite levels of certain phthalates associated with male developmental effects, including di 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (di 2-ethylhexyl-butylphthalate (DEHP), and decreasing while exposure to other phthalates, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) and diisononyl phthalate (DnBP), are increasing.
According to the FDA, inorganic arsenic has also been associated with skin lesions, developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity and diabetes.
Mutation or silencing of RLSB led to clearly observable changes in levels of rbcL mRNA and LSU protein accumulation, with many associated developmental effects.
AGD in male rodents is associated with other adverse developmental effects (Foster and McIntyre 2002) and some phthalate-induced changes have been shown to be permanent.
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